Balloon catheter for stent implantation

ABSTRACT

The catheter comprises a tube-like basic body having a proximal end, a distal end section, a distal end and at least one balloon mounted on the distal end section close to the distal end. The balloon is connected via a lumen in the basic body to the connecting member which is located at the proximai end of the basic tubular body. Two bulges are arranged to the basic body. Each bulge is located close to one end of the balloon. A compressed stent is arranged around the balloon and in between the bulges.

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/546,245 Oct. 20, 1995, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a catheter which has two balloons, one of which carries a stent, and which is introduced into a patient for stent implantation.

Each of the two balloons can be expanded separately by supplying a fluid medium under pressure via an appropriate lumen in a tube-like basic body of the catheter to the balloon in question.

The catheter is used for the implantation of a stent in a patient. A stent is a tubular element, usually made of wire mesh, which can be expanded in cross-section direction. Such an element is for instance introduced into a blood vessel of a patient, of which the wall has been impaired to such a degree, that there is a risk of collapse of the blood vessel concerned. The stent is introduced in a compressed state and expanded when situated in the required position, thus supporting the wall of the blood vessel. Expansion is usually achieved by means of a balloon of a balloon catheter.

2. Description of the Related Art Including Information Disclosed under 37 CFR §§1.97-1.99

A catheter of the type described above is known from European Published Patent Specification No. 0 260 107. The catheter described in this published patent specification comprises several dilatation balloons of increasing diameter.

Another catheter of this type with two balloons is known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,226,889. The relatively distal balloon is in this case a dilatation balloon, whereas the relatively proximal balloon is used for expanding a stent. This stent is arranged in a compressed state around the relatively proximal balloon and thus introduced into the body of the patient. By expanding the balloon, the stent, which will subsequently remain behind in the body of the patient, will also expand.

Other types of catheters with several balloons comprise, for instance, an occlusion balloon as a relatively distal balloon and a dilatation balloon as a relatively proximal balloon.

Various catheters that mount at least two balloons, that are used in the implantation of a stent or that are introduced into a blood vessel with the assistance of a guidewire are disclosed in the following listed, analogous and non-analogous, U.S. Patents and foreign and PCT patent publications:

    ______________________________________                                                           Patentee                                                     ______________________________________                                         U.S. Pat. No.                                                                  4,148,307           Utsugi                                                     4,762,129           Bonzel                                                     B1 4,762,129                                                                   4,990,139           Jang                                                       5,002,532           Gaiser et al.                                              5,040,548           Yock                                                       5,061,273           Yock                                                       5,226,889           Sheiban                                                    5,232,445           Bonzel                                                     5,358,387           Miller                                                     5,336,184           Teirstein                                                  German Patent Publications:                                                    DE 26 59 238        Utsugi                                                     DE 38 33 359        Bockenheimer, et al.                                       European Patent Publications:                                                  EP 0 260 107        Jang                                                       EP 0 274 846        Rosenbluth                                                 EP 0 277 270        Gaiser et al.                                              EP 0 245 051        Rosenbluth, et al.                                         EP 0 442 657        Ryan et al.                                                EP 0 528 039        Igaki et al.                                               EP 0 595 308        Solar et al.                                               PCT Publications:                                                              W0 93/20882         Motasim Sirhan et al.                                      W0 93/21835         Nita et al.                                                WO 94/02196         Lee                                                        ______________________________________                                    

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the present invention there is provided a catheter comprising a tube-like basic body having a proximal end, a distal end section, a distal end and at least one balloon mounted on the distal end section close to the distal end. The balloon is connected via a lumen in the basic body to a connecting member which is located at the proximal end of the basic tubular body. Two bulges are arranged to the basic body, each bulge being located close to one end of the balloon. A compressed stent is arranged around the balloon and in between the bulges and the bulges are arranged inside of the balloon.

Also according to the invention there is provided a catheter comprising a tube-like basic body having a proximal end, a distal end section, a distal end and at least one balloon mounted on a distal end section close to the distal end. The balloon is connected via a lumen in the basic body to a connecting member which is located at the proximal end of the basic tubular body. Two bulges are arranged to the basic body, each bulge being located close to one end of the balloon. A compressed stent is arranged around the balloon and in between the bulges and has an outside diameter which is smaller than an outside diameter of the catheter at the site of the bulges with the bulges not engaging the stent.

By employing bulges within the stent-implanting balloon and in between which the stent is retained, the stent can be fixed securely at the site of the balloon used for expanding the stent. The stent cannot slide off the balloon. Because of this proper fixation of the stent, the use of a so-called sheath is superfluous, thus simplifying the treatment to be carried out using the catheter according to the invention.

The bulges can be arranged relatively close to each other, without limiting the expansion possibilities of the balloon. Consequently, the stent can be fixed properly in the center of the balloon. In the non-expanded state, the balloon fits closely over the bulges, so that the surface of the catheter in a longitudinal direction over the bulges is smooth.

For a good fixation of the stent it is sufficient if, in relation to the inside diameter of the compressed stent, the bulges are such that the stent cannot slide over these bulges.

The stent is, as it were, situated in a depression or "bed" defined by and between the bulges, as a result of which the stent does not interfere with the introduction of the catheter.

The relatively distal balloon member can be used for dilatation of that section of the blood vessel where the stent is to be implanted, even when there is a severe stenosis. After dilatation of the blood vessel with the relatively distal balloon, the catheter is advanced a little further, thus positioning the stent in the dilated section of the blood vessel. Next the balloon around which the stent has been arranged can be expanded, as a result of which the stent will expand and provide the wall of the vessel with the required support. Thus, using one single catheter, and in one session, the vessel can be dilated and the stent implanted.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view, with portions broken away, of a catheter assembly with which the present invention can be used.

FIG. 2 is longitudinal view, with portions broken away, of a distal end section of a catheter of the catheter assembly shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal view, with portions broken away, of a distal end section of another embodiment of a catheter.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal view, with portions broken away, of a distal end section of still another embodiment of a catheter.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal view, with portions broken away, of the distal end of the catheter shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal view, with portions broken away, of the distal end of the catheter shown in FIG. 1 after a more distal of two balloons has been inflated during a first step of the treatment for which the catheter assembly is to be used.

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal view, with portions broken away, of the distal end of the catheter shown in FIG. 1 after a more distal of two balloons has been deflated and a more proximal of the two balloons is inflated during a second step of the treatment for which the catheter assembly is to be used.

FIG. 8 is a longitudinal view, with portions broken away, of the distal end of the catheter shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 after both of the two balloons has been deflated to leave an expanded stent in place during a third step of the treatment for which the catheter assembly is to be used.

FIG. 9 is a longitudinal view, with portions broken away, of a treated blood vessel with the stent in position, following the removal of the catheter.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)

A catheter assembly 8 includes a catheter 10 which is shown in FIG. 1 and which comprises a tube-like basic tubular body 12 with a distal end 14 and a proximal end 16. At the distal end 14, two balloons 18 and 20 have been arranged. The distal balloon 18 is used for dilating a narrowed section 19 of a blood vessel (FIG. 2). The relatively proximal balloon 20 has a stent 21 arranged thereon when the proximal balloon 20 is in a compressed state. This stent 21 can be expanded by means of inflation of the proximal balloon 20 and thus be implanted in the section 19 of the vessel dilated beforehand by means of the distal balloon 18.

With the embodiment shown, the basic tubular body 12 comprises an outer tube-like element 22 and an inner tube-like element 24. A lumen 26 (FIG. 2) inside the inner tube-like element 24 can be connected at the proximal end 16 of the catheter 10 to a coupling 28, and, at a distal end opening to the inside of the distal balloon 18 in order to convey medium under pressure from the coupling 28 to the distal balloon 18 in order to expand the latter.

In between the inner tube-like element 24 and the outer tube-like element 22, an annular lumen 30 is formed which, at the proximal end 16 of the catheter 10, is connected to a coupling 32 and at a distal end to the inside of the proximal balloon 20 in order to be able to expand the latter in a similar manner.

For introducing the catheter 10 into a patient, a guide wire 40 is employed in the usual manner. For the purpose of receiving this guide wire 40, a lumen 42 has been formed in the catheter 10 which extends from an end hole 44 (FIG. 1) to a wall hole 46 in the catheter 10. This wall hole 46 has been arranged in the wall of the basic tubular body 12 at a position in between the distal end 14 and the proximal end 16 of the catheter 10.

With the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the wall hole 46 has been arranged close to the relatively proximal active element, proximal balloon 20, of the catheter 10. The lumen 42 for receiving the guide wire 40 only extends therefore through the distal end section of the catheter 10.

As FIG. 2 illustrates in greater detail, the guide wire lumen 42 has been formed inside a double-lumen element 48. The other lumen 50 of this element 48 is connected with the lumen 26 of the inner tube-like element 24 of the basic tubular body 12. The medium under pressure supplied via the coupling 28 flows through the annular interspace 30 between the double-lumen element 48 and the outer tube-like element 22 and, via the hole 29 in the wall of this double-lumen element 48, into the balloon 18 for dilating a narrowed section 19 in a blood vessel.

In FIG. 3 is illustrated another embodiment of a catheter 60. An outer tube-like element 62 of the catheter 60 carries a balloon 64. In a central lumen 66 of this outer tube-like element 62, an inner tube-like element 68 has been received through which for instance a contrast medium can be supplied. With this catheter 60, a lumen 70 for a guide wire 72 has been formed by the lumen 70 of a separate tube-like element 76 which has an end 79, viewing the end-section on the left-hand side shown in FIG. 3, that has been fixed at 80 close to the distal end 81 of the inner tube-like element 68 and has been attached at the other end in an opening 82 in the outer tube-element 62. During the manufacturing process, the separate tube-like element 76 is pushed through the opening 82 until the end 79 is situated close to the distal end 84 of the outer tube-like element 62. Subsequently, the tube-like element 76 is fixed all round in the opening 82, for instance by gluing or ultrasonic welding. Next, the protruding section of the tube-like element 76 is beveled off and finished until it forms a smooth transition with the outer wall of the outer tube-like element 62.

With this embodiment, an annular interspace 86 is formed in between the outer tube-like element 62 and the inner tube-like element 68 for supplying medium under pressure to the balloon 64 via an opening 88 in the outer wall of the outer tube-like element 62 and for the discharge of medium from there.

FIG. 4 shows a distal end-section of a catheter 92 which has been provided with an ultrasonic sensor 94 as one active element.

Also in this case, a separate tube-like element 96 has been employed of which the lumen 98 forms the guide wire lumen of the catheter 92. At a distal end 100, the separate tube-like element 96 has been attached to an outer tube-like element 102 of the catheter 92 at 103 in such a manner as to form a seal, by, for instance, gluing or ultrasonic welding.

The other end 104 of the separate tube-like element 96 has been fixed close to a wall hole 106 inside the outer tube-like element 102. A relatively proximal wall section 108 of the basic tubular body formed by the tube-like element 102 has been folded inwardly, and the relatively proximal end of the separate tube-like element 96 has been fixed on this inwardly folded wall section 108. As can be seen clearly in FIG. 4, the proximal wall section 108 of the tube-like element which forms a basic tubular body 102 forms a very even transition from the lumen of the separate tube-like element 96 to the outside. The basic tubular body 102 is fixed all around to the proximal end-section of the separate tube-like element 96, thus creating a seal. Lines 110 connected to the ultrasonic sensor 94 extend through the central lumen of tube-like element 102 forming the basic tubular body 102 to the proximal end of the catheter 92, and are at that point connected to a processing device.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, on both sides of the balloon member 10, the catheter 10 has been provided with bulges 111 and 112 according to the teachings of the present invention. The compressed stent 21 is arranged around the balloon 120 in between those bulges 111 and 112. The stent 21 is enclosed by the bulges 111 and 112 in the axial direction of the catheter 10, so that it cannot slide off the balloon 20.

As can be seen in FIG. 5 et seq. in particular, the bulges 111 and 112 in this embodiment are formed by respective rings 114 and 115 which have been received inside the balloon 20. The ring 114 has been arranged around the continuous inner tube-like element 22 and the ring 115 has been arranged around an end 118 of the outer tube-like element 24. As the rings 114, 115 have been arranged inside the balloon 20 they do not interfere with the unfolding of the balloon 20, and the balloon forms a smooth "skin" over the rings 114, 115, which is favorable when introducing the catheter 10.

The distal end 14 of the catheter 10 is introduced into a narrowed section 19 of a blood vessel of a patient inside of which the stent 21 is to be implanted. The embodiment of the catheter 10 shown here is provided with the balloon 18 for dilating a narrowed blood vessel section 19, in addition to the balloon 20 designed for expanding the stent 21. By employing the two balloons 18 and 20, dilating the vessel section 19 and implanting the stent 21 can be achieved using one and the same catheter 10, without it being necessary to change catheters.

With the treatment, the catheter 10 is first introduced into the blood vessel section 19 to such a degree that the first balloon 18 is positioned at the stenosed section 19 which is to be dilated. Subsequently, a medium under pressure is supplied via the coupling 28 through the lumens 26 and 50 of the inner tube-like element 22. Via the opening 29 in the wall of the inner tube-like member 22, this medium under pressure flows into the balloon 18 as a result of which the balloon 18 expands. Consequently, the blood vessel section 19 will be dilated (FIG. 6).

Next, the pressure inside the balloon 18 will be reduced, as a result of which it will resume its original shape, the catheter 10 is advanced further into the vessel so that the balloon 20 will be situated at the now dilated section 19 of the blood vessel. By supplying medium under pressure to the balloon 20 via coupling 32 and the annular interspace 30 between the tube-like elements 5, 6, which annular interspace 30 is connected with the inside of the balloon 20 at the end of the outer tube-like element 24 as a ring-shaped opening 120, this balloon 10, and hence the stent 21, will be expanded. This situation has been illustrated in FIG. 7.

Subsequently, one allows the pressure in the balloon 20 to fall, as a result of which the balloon 20 will resume its original shape with small diameter as shown in FIG. 8. The catheter can now be withdrawn, whereby as is shown in FIG. 9, the stent 21 remains behind in the blood vessel section 19, in order to support the wall thereof.

If desired, the balloons 18 and 20 can possess different degrees of pliability. More in particular, the dilatation balloon 18 is more pliable than the balloon 20 used for expanding the stent 21.

During treatment, the catheter 10 is first advanced into the blood vessel section 19 that far, that the first balloon 18 is situated at the narrowed section 19 of the blood vessel to be dilated. Next a medium under pressure is supplied via the connecting member 28 and through the lumens 26 and 50 of the inner tube-like element 22. This medium under pressure flows via the opening 29 in the wall of the inner tube-like member 22 into the balloon 18, which will expand as a result.

Because of the relatively great pliability of the balloon 18, it will adapt well to the shape of the blood vessel section 19, so that the latter is subjected to a uniform load when being dilated.

Subsequently one allows the pressure inside the balloon 18 to drop, as a result of which it will regain its original shape. The catheter 10 is advanced further into the body, until the balloon 20 will be positioned in the dilated section 19 of the vessel. By now supplying medium under pressure to the balloon 20 via coupling 32 and the annular interspace 30 in between the tube-like elements 22 and 24, which annular interspace 30 is connected at the end 118 of the outer tube-like element 24 in the form of a ring-shaped opening 120 with the inside of the balloon 20, this balloon 20 and consequently the stent 21 will be expanded. This situation has been illustrated in FIG. 7.

As stated above, the balloon 20 is less pliable. The expansion is therefore less determined by possible resistance, so that a uniform expansion of the stent 21 is achieved.

Next one allows the pressure in the balloon 20 to drop again, as a consequence of which the balloon 20 regains its original shape with small diameter. The catheter 10 can now be withdrawn whereby the stent 21 remains behind in the blood vessel section 19 in order to support the wall thereof.

The catheter and the accompanying stent shown in the figures only represent examples of embodiments. Other embodiments of a stent known as such, can be used in conjunction with the catheter 10. Because of the good axial fixation of the stent 21, the latter will remain positioned in a reliable manner at the site of the balloon 20 used for the purpose of expansion, so that it is not necessary to use a guiding catheter or a sheath.

The catheter 10 may comprise any number of balloon-shaped members, of which at least one comprises bulges on either side to retain a stent.

In the embodiment shown, the rings 114 and 115 have been made of material which is clearly visible when subjected to X-rays, so that the position of these rings 114, 115 and consequently the position of the stent 21, placed in between these bulges 111, 112, can be rendered clearly visible in a catherization laboratory.

The catheter assembly 8 of the present invention is not limited to application with a catheter 10 for stent implantation. Other catheters with more balloon members, like for instance dilatation catheters comprising several dilatation balloons with different diameters, or dilatation catheters with occlusion balloon et cetera, can in a suitable manner be utilized in a catheter assembly 8.

From the foregoing description it will be apparent that the catheter assembly 8 of the present invention has a number of advantages, some of which have been described above and others of which are inherent in the invention. For example, the rings 114 and 115 have sufficient thickness to provide relatively thick bulges that will cause minimal trauma to the blood vessels through which they travel. Trauma is also minimized by placing the stent between the bulges and by placing the rings 114 and 115 inside the balloon 20. Furthermore, a smooth generally continuous cylindrical profile is provided by locating the bulges 111 and 112 close to the ends of the balloon 20.

Also, as noted above, modifications can be made to the catheter assembly 8 of the present invention without departing from the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is only to be limited as necessitated by the accompanying claims. 

We claim:
 1. A catheter comprising: a tube-like basic body having a proximal end, a distal end section, a distal end and at least one balloon mounted on said distal end section close to said distal end; said balloon being connected via a lumen in said basic body to a connecting member which is located at said proximal end of said basic tubular body; two bulges being arranged to said basic body, each bulge being located close to one end of said balloon; and a compressed stent arranged around said balloon and in between said bulges; and, said bulges being arranged inside said balloon.
 2. The catheter of claim 1 wherein said bulges are formed by rings arranged around said basic body.
 3. The catheter of claim 2 wherein each ring is made of material visible when subjected to X-rays and/or when used in conjunction with an NMR device.
 4. The catheter of claim 2 comprising two successive balloons, one being proximal and one being distal, and wherein said bulges and said stent are arranged at the site of the proximal balloon.
 5. The catheter of claim 4 wherein said basic body comprises an outer tube-like element with a lumen inside of which an inner tube-like element has been received, said inner tube-like element having a lumen which is connected with the distal balloon and the annular interspace between the inner tube-like member and the lumen of the outer tube-like member is connected with the proximal balloon.
 6. The catheter of claim 1 wherein the outside diameter of the compressed stent is smaller than the outside diameter of said catheter at the site of said bulges.
 7. A catheter comprising: a tube-like basic body having a proximal end, a distal end section, a distal end and at least one balloon mounted on said distal end section close to said distal end; said balloon being connected via a lumen in said basic body to a connecting member which is located at said proximal end of said basic tubular body; two bulges being arranged to said basic body, each bulge being located close to one end of said balloon; and a compressed stent arranged around said balloon and in between said bulges; and, the stent has an outside diameter which is smaller than an outside diameter of said catheter at the site of said bulges and said bulges not engaging the stent.
 8. The catheter of claim 7 wherein said bulges are arranged inside said balloon.
 9. The catheter of claim 7 wherein said bulges are formed by rings arranged around said basic body.
 10. The catheter of claim 9 wherein each ring is made of material visible when subjected to X-rays and/or when used in conjunction with an NMR device.
 11. The catheter of claim 7 comprising two successive balloons, one being proximal and one being distal, and wherein said bulges and said stent are arranged at the site of the relatively proximal balloon.
 12. The catheter of claim 11 wherein said basic body comprises an outer tube-like element with a lumen inside of which an inner tube-like element has been received, said inner tube-like element having a lumen which is connected with the distal balloon and the annular interspace between the inner tube-like member and the lumen of the outer tube-like member is connected with the proximal balloon. 